Peer-reviewed work by our founder and collaborators at NASA JPL, Airbus, and partner universities, on ontological modeling, automated reasoning, and rigorous model-based systems engineering. The ideas in these papers are the foundation OML Code is built on.
Elaasar, M., Rouquette, N., Wagner, D., Oakes, B., Hamou-Lhadj, A., Hamdaqa, M. “openCAESAR: Balancing Agility and Rigor in Model-Based Systems Engineering”, Proceedings of SAM 2023, Västerås, Sweden, 2023.
Proceedings of ISWC 2026, In Use Track, Bari, Italy
Presents OML to the Semantic Web community: the two obstacles that have held back Semantic Web adoption in systems engineering, namely the lack of rigorous semantics for SE models and of an established methodology for using ontologies in SE, and the language, methodology, and tooling that answer them, with adoption at NASA, JAXA, Leonardo, and in academia.
Proceedings of MDE Intelligence 2026, co-located with ACM/IEEE MODELS 2026, Málaga, Spain
An evaluation framework and protocol-driven architecture for AI-assisted modeling in low-resource languages: the LLM interprets intent while all edits run through validated MCP tools and a SHACL shape catalog enforces the method. Measured on the FireForce VI case study, tool augmentation helps most on the hardest tasks.
Proceedings of the Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) 2026
Specialized LLMs now serve domain-specific tasks at a fraction of the inference cost of general-purpose ones, but systems engineering has neither a corpus of them nor fine-tuning methods suited to its languages. Contributes a methodology for fine-tuning LLMs for small, underrepresented modeling languages, using OML as the reference, and explores the balance between fine-tuning a model and using a general-purpose one.
ACM/IEEE MODELS 2025 Companion Proceedings (MODELS-C), pp. 853–857
Validates SysML models with an automated reasoner through openCAESAR.
ACM/IEEE MODELS 2025 Companion Proceedings (MODELS-C), pp. 844–852
Applies openCAESAR to power balance analysis during the early formulation of a space mission.
ACM/IEEE MODELS 2025 Companion Proceedings (MODELS-C), pp. 367–376
Surveys practitioners on their experience with model-based systems engineering and the challenges that hold its adoption back.
Proceedings of SAM 2023, Västerås, Sweden
The primary citation for openCAESAR. Presents an approach that keeps model-based systems engineering both agile and formally rigorous, as applied at NASA JPL.
Proceedings of INCOSE IS 2023, Honolulu, Hawaii
Models autonomous behavior ontologically so that planning and execution can be analyzed formally rather than only tested.
Handbook of Model-Based Systems Engineering, Springer, Cham
A book chapter on treating metamodeling as the modeling of vocabularies, and on analyzing the resulting models with description logic.
Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE), Vienna, Austria
Applies a semantic layer to early aircraft design trade studies so data distributed across engineering disciplines becomes openly queryable.
Handbook of Model-Based Systems Engineering, pp. 1–18
Shows how semantic models bring the rigor of computer-aided design to spacecraft power management.
Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, USA
A case study developing spacecraft electrical interface and harness specifications for the Europa Clipper flight project.
Proceedings of the Model Based Enterprise Summit, Gaithersburg, MD
Argues that MBSE adoption stalls without an integrated, model-centric foundation, and sets out what such a foundation requires.
The methods in these papers are not theory left on the page. They ship inside OML Code.
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